Energy and exergy analyses of crude oil distillation plants

This study deals with energy and exergy analyses of crude oil distillation plants. In these plants, high degree of irreversibilities (exergy analysis) only as it is a measure of quantity only whereas the second law of thermodynamics (exergy analysis) is a measure of quality as well as quantity. Exergy analysis appears to be a potential tool to determine the losses. In refinery distillation plants, there are many components of interest to be analyzed thermodynamically, e.g. the crude oil heating furnace, the distillation column and a network of heat exchangers. The previous literature works were mainly concerned with the yield percentage of the distillation plant and to some extent the energy efficiency, no detailed work was done using exergy analysis. In this study, crude oil distillation plants are modeled and analyzed thermodynamically with the aid of simulation software (SimSci/PRO II) to determine the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and irreversibility rate of the individual components and the overall system. Effects of temperature profile and pressure profile of the distillation columns on the efficiencies and irreversibility rates are illustrated. Also, effect of modifying the conventional crude oil distillation plant is studied. Those modifications are pump-back circuits instead of pump-around circuits, adding reboiler to the distillation column and two-stage distillation columns. Results showed that operating conditions are the optimum conditions yielding the highest efficiencies and lowest irreversibility rates. Modifying the conventional model lead to an increase up to 58% for the system overall efficiency and decreases down to 40% system overall irreversibilities.

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